A review of hydrogen applications: skilful and economic aspects
G. Petrecca , M. Decarli
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Abstract--This paper aims to canvass the economic and technical aspects related to the use of hydrogen, particularly in fuel cells, focusing on both energy and environmental impacts as decisional factors. The study has examined the overall chain, from hydrogen intersection (mainly through electrolysis and gas reforming) to electric automobile energy production, in order to vertex out energy efficiency and energy costs of the diverse phases of the chain. A range of fuel cells from few to thousands of kW of electric supply has been considered. Index Terms-- hydrogen, fuel cells, energy storage, energy conversion, power generation, cogeneration, environmental factors.
power necessary to supply the hydrogen production equipment. Electric energy production costs and CO2 emissions are also compared. To complete this overview the paper reports some examples and shows detailed technical data on several plants and related capital and operating(a) costs.
The authors also wish to point out the difficulty to arrest consistent data from equipment manufacturers and hydrogen producers due to the fact that more or less activities are still at research and development level.
III. atomic number 1 CHARACTERISTICS Hydrogen is available as a component of umpteen molecules, in particular water (H2O) and hydrocarbons. It is also present as a biatomic molecule (H2). At 273,15 K the density is 0,089 g/l (as a gas) and 70,8 g/l (as a liquid). The molecular weight of H2 is very downhearted, roughly 2,02 g/mole. The Net thaw Value is 120000 kJ/kg , that is more than three times the NHV of the indispensable gas and three times the NHV of gasoline. On the contrary, due to its low density, the NHV per volume is very low, roughly equal to 10760 kJ/Nm3. Hydrogen is tardily flammable, with a maximum ignition temperature of 2591,1 K (at...If you want to spend a penny a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
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